ORIGINAL ARTICLE

ACCESS TO ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA, 2004 - 2011

Leigh F Johnson, PhD

Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town

Background. South Africa’s National Strategic Plan (NSP) for 2007 - 2011 aimed to achieve new antiretroviral treatment (ART) enrolment numbers equal to 80% of the number of newly eligible individuals in each year, by 2011.

Objectives. To estimate ART coverage in South Africa and assess whether NSP targets have been met.

Methods. ART data were collected from public and private providers of ART. Estimates of HIV incidence rates were obtained from independent demographic projection models. Adult ART data and incidence estimates were entered into a separate model that estimated rates of progression through CD4 stages, and the model was fitted to South African CD4 data and HIV prevalence data.

Results. By the middle of 2011, the number of patients receiving ART in South Africa had increased to 1.79 million (95% CI 1.65 - 1.93 million). Adult ART coverage, at the previous ART eligibility criterion of CD4 <200/μl, was 79% (95% CI 70 - 85%), but reduced to 52% (95% CI 46 - 57%) when assessed according to the new South African ART eligibility criteria (CD4<350/μl). The number of adults starting ART in 2010/11 was 1.56 times (95% CI 1.08 - 1.97) the number of adults who became ART-eligible in 2010/11, well in excess of the 80% target. However, this ratio was substantially higher in women (1.96, 95% CI 1.33 - 2.51) than in men (1.23, 95% CI 0.83 - 1.58) and children (1.13, 95% CI 0.74 - 1.48).

Conclusion. South Africa has exceeded the ART targets in its 2007 - 2011 NSP, but men and children appear to be accessing ART at a lower rate than women.

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a powerful tool for reducing both AIDS mortality1 , 2 and HIV transmission.3 The monitoring of access to ART is therefore critical to the evaluation of the impact of HIV treatment and prevention programmes. Previous monitoring exercises have shown that, since the announcement of a comprehensive care, management and treatment programme by the South African Department of Health in late 2003, access to ART in South Africa has increased dramatically.4 , 5 These assessments suggested that South Africa was on track to meet the targets laid out in the 2007 - 2011 National Strategic Plan (NSP) for HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections, which aimed to achieve new ART enrolment numbers equal to 80% of the number of newly eligible individuals in each year, by 2011.6 However, there has not as yet been any formal assessment of whether this target has been met.

The monitoring of access to ART in South Africa is challenging for several reasons. The interpretation of public sector statistics is complicated by changes in reporting practices in late 2009, with most provinces switching from reporting numbers of patients cumulatively started on ART to numbers of patients currently on ART. Statistics from disease management programmes and programmes run by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have not been routinely collected and reported. In addition, there is generally a lack of information on the age and sex of patients. This is particularly problematic in view of concerns that ART initiation rates may be lower among men than women.7

The estimation of ART coverage is also hampered by uncertainty regarding the ‘treatment need’, the denominator in the coverage calculation. Mathematical models have been used to estimate numbers of HIV-positive individuals with CD4 counts below different thresholds, but there is substantial uncertainty surrounding the rates of CD4 decline that are assumed in these models, and there is also growing recognition that these rates of CD4 decline may differ between populations.10 There is also concern that cross-sectional measures of ART coverage may fail to give a sense of recent programme performance, which is better reflected in the ratio of the number of patients starting ART in a year to the number of individuals becoming eligible for ART in the same year.11 The latter measure has the advantage of being consistent with the way in which the South African NSP targets are expressed, and is also less sensitive to model assumptions about rates of CD4 decline and ART eligibility criteria.11

The objective of this paper is to assess recent changes in access to ART in South Africa, and to evaluate the extent to which the 2007 - 2011 NSP treatment targets have been met. This study also aims to improve on previous work4 by including more recent programme statistics, by using locally relevant CD4 data in the estimation of the treatment need, by including 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in coverage estimates, and by estimating coverage separately for men, women and children.

Methods

ART programme statistics

Public sector ART programme statistics to the end of June 2011 were obtained from the South African Department of Health, and were adjusted to achieve consistency of definition (cumulative/current), using a previously described formula,4 for each province. Unpublished data on the sex ratio of adult patients enrolled in public ART programmes in four provinces, collected up to March 2009, were used to estimate the sex ratio of adults starting ART in the public sector.

Private sector data and data from NGOs were obtained through surveys conducted every two years, since mid-2006.12 Linear interpolation and extrapolation was used to estimate numbers for programmes with missing data and for years in which no survey was conducted. Estimates of the proportion of private sector patients who were men, women and children were obtained from submissions by medical schemes to the Risk Equalization Fund up to March 2008, and the geographical distribution of private sector patients was estimated from early private sector statistics.13 Detailed data collected from NGO programmes in the 2008 survey were used to determine the profile of NGO patients by age, sex and province.

Mathematical model

To estimate the numbers of adults needing ART, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the growth of the South African population over time, the incidence of HIV and the decline in CD4 counts in HIV-positive adults. The model stratifies the population by age and sex, and projects the change in population in one-year intervals, starting in the middle of 1985. Assumptions regarding the age- and sex-specific population profile, non-HIV mortality, fertility, migration and HIV incidence are based on the ASSA2008 AIDS and Demographic model.14 Once infected, individuals are assumed to progress through a four-stage model of CD4 decline, in the absence of ART (Fig. 1). Individuals are assumed to experience AIDS mortality in the CD4 200 - 349/µl category at a fraction θ of the AIDS mortality rate in the CD4<200/µl category, if untreated. Up to mid-2009, adults of sex g are assumed to start ART only once their CD4 count has dropped below 200/µl, at a rate of r g (t) per annum in year t. Between mid-2009 and mid-2011, the model also allows individuals to start ART in the CD4 200 - 349 category if they develop tuberculosis or become pregnant, following the change in South African ART guidelines in early 2010.15 The r g (t) rates in each year are calculated from the ART programme statistics (further detail is provided in the online appendix).

Adults who start ART are assumed to be lost to the ART programme with probability κ0 during the first 6 months after starting ART, and with probability κ1 for each year after the first 6 months. This does not include individuals who temporarily interrupt ART. Of those leaving the ART programme permanently, a proportion ν are assumed to leave the programme owing to HIV-related mortality, and the remaining proportion (1 – ν) are assumed to stop taking their drugs, after which their mortality risk is assumed to be the same as that of ART-naïve adults with CD4 counts below 200/µl.

Estimates of annual numbers of new paediatric HIV infections were obtained from a separate model of paediatric HIV in South Africa.16 Since paediatric ART guidelines recommend ART initiation in all HIV-infected children aged <12 months, regardless of their immunological or clinical status,17 the annual number of new paediatric HIV infections is used to approximate the annual number of children newly eligible for ART (the denominator in the ART enrolment ratio).

Calibration and uncertainty analysis

The parameters determining the rates of CD4 decline, HIV-related mortality and ART discontinuation are estimated by fitting the model to HIV prevalence data from the 2005 and 2008 Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) household surveys,18 , 19 and to CD4 data from HIV-positive adults in three South African surveys,20 using a Bayesian melding procedure.23 , 24 A detailed explanation is provided in the online appendix. Briefly, prior distributions are specified to represent uncertainty regarding the parameters of interest, including the range of plausible values for the average time to starting ART after becoming eligible (1/r g (t)). Prior distributions are also specified to represent uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the reported ART programme statistics in each year. This uncertainty and the uncertainty regarding ART attrition rates affect the model ART enrolment inputs. A likelihood function is specified to represent how well the model fits the CD4 data and HIV prevalence data, for a given set of parameter values. The posterior distribution, representing the parameter combinations from the prior distributions that have the highest likelihood values, is then simulated by Sampling Importance Resampling.25

Results

The posterior estimates of the model parameters are summarised in Table 1, and posterior estimates of numbers of patients receiving ART are summarised in Table 2. Over the period mid-2004 to mid-2011, the total number of patients receiving ART in South Africa increased from 47 500 (95% CI 42 900 – 51 800) to 1.79 million (95% CI 1.65 - 1.93 million). Of the latter, 85% were receiving ART through the public health sector, 11% were receiving ART through disease management programmes in the private sector, and the remaining 4% were receiving ART through community treatment programmes run by NGOs. The majority (61%) of patients were women aged 15 or older, men accounted for 31% of patients, and children under the age of 15 comprised the remaining 8% of patients. KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng were the two provinces with the largest numbers of patients, together accounting for 56% of all patients receiving ART.

Changes over time in numbers of treated and untreated adults in different CD4 stages are shown in Fig. 2. As at mid-2011, untreated HIV-positive adults included 58 000 (95% CI 13 000 – 147 000) individuals who had stopped ART, 385 000 (95% CI 247 000 – 634 000) ART-naive adults with CD4 <200/μl, 1.06 million (95% CI 0.88 - 1.29 million) with CD4 counts of 200 - 349/μl, 0.74 million (95% CI 0.61 - 0.91 million) with CD4 counts of 350 - 500/μl, and 0.94 million (95% CI 0.77 - 1.16 million) with CD4 counts >500/μl. The total unmet need in the middle of 2011 (ART-naïve adults with CD4 <350/μl plus all adults who had stopped ART) was 1.50 million (95% CI 1.24 - 1.84 million), which is 32% lower than the total unmet need four years previously. Estimates of adult ART coverage and ART enrolment ratios are shown in Fig. 3. Using previous CD4 thresholds for defining ART eligibility (CD4 <200/μl), the fraction of adults eligible to receive ART who were actually on ART increased from 5.1% (95% CI 4.2 - 6.1%) in the middle of 2004 to 79% (95% CI 70 - 85%) by the middle of 2011. However, using the new CD4 thresholds for defining ART eligibility (CD4 <350/μl), adult ART coverage by the middle of 2011 was 52% (95% CI 46 - 57%).

As noted previously,11 ART enrolment ratios are similar when using different CD4 thresholds to define ART eligibility. For example, over the period from mid-2010 to mid-2011, the ratio of the number of adults starting ART to the number of adults whose CD4 counts fell below the CD4 threshold was 1.64 (95% CI 1.11 - 2.10) when the CD4 threshold was 200, and 1.56 (95% CI 1.08 - 1.97) when the CD4 threshold was 350. Both ratios are roughly double the target of 80% set in the 2007 - 2011 NSP, and indicate substantial progress in removing the ‘backlog’ of unmet need that accumulated in previous years.

Estimates of ART access are presented separately for men, women and children in Fig. 4. Using the CD4 threshold of 350/μl as the criterion for ART eligibility, the fraction of ART-eligible women who were receiving ART by the middle of 2011 (60%, 95% CI 53 - 65%) was significantly higher than the fraction of ART-eligible men who were on treatment (41%, 95% CI 36 - 46%). A similar difference in magnitude is seen in the ART enrolment ratio over the period mid-2010 to mid-2011: using the same ART eligibility criterion of CD4 <350/μl, the enrolment ratio was 1.96 (95% CI 1.33 - 2.51) in women and 1.23 (95% CI 0.83 - 1.58) in men. Over the same period, the ratio of the number of children starting ART to the number of new infections in children was 1.13 (95% CI 0.74 - 1.48). In most previous years, this ratio was below both the male ART enrolment ratio and the female ART enrolment ratio.

DISCUSSION

South Africa has made impressive progress in the rollout of ART since the start of the public sector ART programme in 2004. The number of patients who started ART in 2010/2011 was well in excess of the number of individuals who became eligible to receive ART over the same period, exceeding the targets set in the 2007 - 2011 NSP. The unmet need for ART was also reduced by 32% between 2007 and 2011. According to the ART initiation criteria that were in place at the time, adult treatment coverage by mid-2011 was close to 80%.

However, there appear to be substantial differences between men, women and children in the rate of ART initiation. The low rate of ART initiation in men relative to women may be a reflection of gender differences in health-seeking behaviour and perceptions that men who seek care are ‘weak’.9 Alternatively, the high rate of ART initiation in women may be due to higher rates of HIV diagnosis through antenatal screening. The relatively low rates of ART initiation in children are probably attributable to the lower rates of HIV testing in children and the greater complexity of paediatric ART relative to adult ART.26 However, it is difficult to compare adult and paediatric measures of ART access meaningfully because the course of HIV infection is so different in children, with many HIV-infected infants dying in the first few months of life before there is an opportunity for testing.

This analysis extends previous work4 by including assessment of uncertainty and by incorporating several new data sources. The 95% CIs that have been estimated reflect uncertainty regarding rates of CD4 decline, rates of mortality and rates of ART retention, and also reflect uncertainty regarding the accuracy of reported ART programme statistics. However, the CIs do not reflect the uncertainty regarding the HIV incidence rates that have been estimated from the ASSA2008 model, and this may lead to some exaggeration of precision. CIs around the ART enrolment ratios are considerably wider in 2009/10 and 2010/11 than in previous years, owing to the change in the way that the Department of Health has reported public sector ART programme statistics.

Various attempts were made to validate the reported ART programme statistics using data from external sources, with limited success. Lamivudine sales figures from Aspen Pharmacare, which until recently supplied 80% of lamivudine in the public sector, were used to obtain crude estimates of numbers of public sector patients on treatment in each quarter. These estimates were not significantly different from the model estimates in Table 2 up to the end of 2008, and from October 2009 to March 2010, but were substantially lower than the model estimates from January to September of 2009. Numbers of viral load tests performed by the National Health Laboratory Service for public sector clinics were also used to obtain theoretical estimates of numbers of patients receiving ART, on the assumption that patients went for viral load testing twice per annum on average. The resulting estimates were slightly higher than the corresponding model estimates up to 2008, but were 18% lower than the model estimates in 2009. Finally, the model estimate of the fraction of the 15 - 49-year-old population on ART in the middle of 2008 was compared with the corresponding proportion estimated in the 2008 HSRC national household survey,27 based on testing for the presence of antiretroviral drugs in blood samples: the model estimate of 1.8% (95% CI 1.6 - 2.0%) was found to be significantly lower than that measured in the survey (3.0%). External data sources therefore do not provide a clear and consistent assessment of the plausibility of the model estimates derived from reported ART programme statistics.

Although attempts were made to produce estimates of ART coverage for each province, it was not possible to produce plausible results for two provinces (Gauteng and Western Cape) because the estimated numbers of patients starting ART in recent years exceeded the estimated numbers of patients eligible to receive ART, in both of these provinces. This could possibly be due to individuals with advanced HIV migrating to urban areas because of the perceived superiority of health services in the major urban centres of Gauteng and Western Cape. The model assumes migration to be independent of HIV status, and may therefore under-estimate the number of HIV-infected ART-eligible individuals who migrate into these provinces. Alternatively, the problems experienced in producing plausible results for Gauteng and Western Cape may be due to assumed HIV incidence rates in these provinces being too low, or reported numbers of ART patients in these provinces being exaggerated.

Many challenges exist, both in achieving future ART rollout targets and in monitoring future progress towards meeting these targets. The new NSP for the 2012 - 2016 period28 proposes targets that are much more ambitious than those in the previous NSP: the ART enrolment target in 2016 is 80% of the new ART need in that year plus 80% of the unmet need from previous years. High levels of HIV testing and counselling, as well as expansion of capacity to deliver ART, will be required to meet these targets. The new NSP for the 2012 - 2016 period proposes several measures to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of South Africa’s ART programme, including the introduction of a single patient identifier in the health sector and a single registry at the primary care level. It is hoped that these measures will lead to greater precision in the estimation of ART coverage in future, as well as a deeper understanding of the factors determining access to care and retention in care.

Appearing only in the online version of this article is an appendix that provides further detail regarding the method used to model adult ART initiation. It also includes a detailed explanation of the Bayesian melding procedure: the prior distributions and the data sources on which they are based, the method used to define the likelihood function and the method used to simulate the posterior distribution.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to the many disease management programmes and NGOs that shared data, as well as the National Health Laboratory Service and Aspen Pharmacare for providing data for validation purposes.

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TABLE 1. POSTERIOR ESTIMATES OF MODEL PARAMETERS
	Symbol	Mean (95% CI)
Parameters for untreated adults
Annual rate of progression from CD4 >500 to 350 - 500	λ1	0.34 (0.28 - 0.39)
Annual rate of progression from CD4 350 - 500 to 200 - 349	λ2	0.48 (0.40 - 0.58)
Annual rate of progression from CD4 200 - 349 to <200	λ3	0.32 (0.25 - 0.39)
Annual rate of HIV mortality if CD4 <200	λ4	0.21 (0.16 - 0.27)
Ratio of HIV mortality at CD4 200 - 349 to HIV mortality at CD4 <200	θ	0.13 (0.05 - 0.24)
Parameters for treated adults
Probability of permanent loss to care in first 6 months after ART start	κ0	0.078 (0.028 - 0.141)
Annual probability of permanent loss to care after first 6 months of ART	κ1	0.048 (0.018 - 0.087)
Proportion of permanent loss to care that is due to death	ν	0.74 (0.53 - 0.92)

TABLE 2. NUMBERS OF PATIENTS RECEIVING ART IN SOUTH AFRICA
	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Currently on ART*
Total	47 500	110 900	235 000	382 000	588 000	912 000	1 287 000	1 793 000
By sex/age
Men	17 700	37 500	75 000	120 000	183 000	283 000	396 000	551 000
Women	25 600	63 600	138 000	228 000	354 000	553 000	777 000	1 090 000
Children (<15)	4 200	9 800	22 000	35 000	51 000	76 000	113 000	152 000
By provider
Public sector	9 600	60 600	163 000	290 000	470 000	748 000	1 073 000	1 525 000
Private sector	34 100	43 800	57 000	68 000	86 000	117 000	154 000	190 000
NGO programmes	3 900	6 400	15 000	24 000	32 000	47 000	60 000	78 000
By province
Eastern Cape	5 300	12 600	26 000	43 000	65 000	98 000	137 000	187 000
Free State	2 200	4 900	10 000	18 000	29 000	47 000	66 000	91 000
Gauteng	13 800	30 800	62 000	95 000	145 000	219 000	280 000	439 000
KwaZulu-Natal	12 800	30 300	67 000	110 000	174 000	282 000	409 000	558 000
Limpopo	2 000	4 800	12 000	21 000	36 000	60 000	101 000	124 000
Mpumalanga	3 300	5 800	12 000	24 000	38 000	61 000	96 000	142 000
Northern Cape	400	1 500	3 000	7 000	9 000	13 000	16 000	19 000
North West	2 700	8 800	21 000	34 000	48 000	70 000	96 000	126 000
Western Cape	5 000	11 400	21 000	31 000	45 000	64 000	85 000	107 000
Started ART last year†
Men	8 400	22 400	43 000	52 000	75 000	118 000	138 000	189 000
Women	13 700	42 600	84 000	104 000	149 000	235 000	273 000	380 000
Children (<15)	2 700	6 400	13 000	15 000	20 000	29 000	45 000	48 000
Total	24 800	71 300	140 000	172 000	243 000	382 000	456 000	617 000
All numbers are rounded to the nearest 1000 (except in the case of 2004 and 2005 totals, which are rounded to the nearest 100). Due to rounding, some rows may not sum to the total. All estimates are posterior averages (95% confidence intervals not shown). *Totals reflect numbers at the middle of each year. †Totals reflect ART enrolment over the 12 months up to the middle of the year.

Fig. 1. Multi-state model of decline in CD4 count and ART initiation by HIV-infected adults. All states are stratified by age and sex, and all HIV-infected adults are assumed to experience age-specific mortality unrelated to HIV (not shown).

Fig. 2. Numbers of HIV-positive adults, by CD4 count and ART status. Numbers exclude paediatric HIV infections. Bars represent posterior means (95% confidence intervals not shown).

Fig. 3. Adult ART access. Bars represent posterior means and error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Dashed line in panel (b) represents 2007 - 2011 National Strategic Plan target.

Fig. 4. Age and sex differences in ART access. Bars represent posterior means and error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Dashed line in panel (b) represents 2007 - 2011 National Strategic Plan Target.

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doi: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1253661

2. Population‐wide differentials in HIV service access and outcomes in the Western Cape for men as compared to women, South Africa: 2008 to 2018: a cohort analysis
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doi: 10.1002/jia2.25530

3. Progress of UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in a district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with high HIV burden, in the HIPSS study: a household-based complex multilevel community survey
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doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30122-4

4. Why increasing availability of ART is not enough: a rapid, community-based study on how HIV-related stigma impacts engagement to care in rural South Africa
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doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2753-2

5. Lung Function in South African Adolescents Infected Perinatally with HIV and Treated Long-Term with Antiretroviral Therapy
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Annals of the American Thoracic Society  vol: 14  issue: 5  first page: 722  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201612-1018OC

6. The development of simple anthropometric measures to diagnose antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy in resource limited settings
Zulfa Abrahams, Joel A Dave, Gary Maartens, Maia Lesosky, Naomi S Levitt
AIDS Research and Therapy  vol: 11  issue: 1  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-11-26

7. Pathways from parental AIDS to child psychological, educational and sexual risk: Developing an empirically-based interactive theoretical model
Lucie Cluver, Mark Orkin, Mark E. Boyes, Lorraine Sherr, Daphne Makasi, Joy Nikelo
Social Science & Medicine  vol: 87  first page: 185  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.03.028

8. Medical Pluralism Predicts Non-ART Use among Parents in Need of ART: A Community Survey in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0852-6

9. Nutritional status and metabolic risk in HIV-infected university students: challenges in their monitoring and management
L Steenkamp, I Truter, M Williams, A Goosen, I Oxley, E van Tonder, S Kock, DJL Venter
South African Family Practice  vol: 59  issue: 1  first page: 9  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1248143

10. Longitudinal Trajectories of Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence and Associations With Durable Viral Suppression Among Adolescents Living With HIV in South Africa
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doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003408

11. Health in South Africa: changes and challenges since 2009
Bongani M Mayosi, Joy E Lawn, Ashley van Niekerk, Debbie Bradshaw, Salim S Abdool Karim, Hoosen M Coovadia
The Lancet  vol: 380  issue: 9858  first page: 2029  year: 2012  
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61814-5

12. The Epidemiology of Meningitis among Adults in a South African Province with a High HIV Prevalence, 2009-2012
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PLOS ONE  vol: 11  issue: 9  first page: e0163036  year: 2016  
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13. The Development of an Inventory to Assess the Structural Barriers to Clinic Attendance and Pill-taking Amongst Users of Antiretroviral Therapy
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doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0374-z

14. Simple, illustrated medicines information improves ARV knowledge and patient self-efficacy in limited literacy South African HIV patients
R. Dowse, K. Barford, S.H. Browne
AIDS Care  vol: 26  issue: 11  first page: 1400  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1080/09540121.2014.931559

15. Epidemiology of Serotype 1 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, South Africa, 2003–2013
Claire von Mollendorf, Cheryl Cohen, Stefano Tempia, Susan Meiring, Linda de Gouveia, Vanessa Quan, Sarona Lengana, Alan Karstaedt, Halima Dawood, Sharona Seetharam, Ruth Lekalakala, Shabir A. Madhi, Keith P. Klugman, Anne von Gottberg
Emerging Infectious Diseases  vol: 22  issue: 2  first page: 261  year: 2016  
doi: 10.3201/eid2202.150967

16. HIV-Related Medical Admissions to a South African District Hospital Remain Frequent Despite Effective Antiretroviral Therapy Scale-Up
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Medicine  vol: 94  issue: 50  first page: e2269  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002269

17. Understanding how domestic health policy is integrated into foreign policy in South Africa: a case for accelerating access to antiretroviral medicines
Simon Moeketsi Modisenyane, Stephen James Heinrich Hendricks, Harvey Fineberg
Global Health Action  vol: 10  issue: 1  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1339533

18. Treatment outcomes of children with Hodgkin lymphoma between 2000 and 2010: First report by the South African Children's Cancer Study Group
Jennifer A. Geel, Tobias C. Chirwa, Biance Rowe, Katherine C. Eyal, Fareed Omar, David K. Stones, Yasmin Goga, D. Cristina Stefan, Anel van Zyl, Barry Van Emmenes, Oloko Wedi, Manickavallie Vaithilingum, Marc G. Hendricks
Pediatric Blood & Cancer  vol: 64  issue: 10  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1002/pbc.26536

19. Spatiotemporal Variation and Predictors of Unsuppressed Viral Load among HIV-Positive Men and Women in Rural and Peri-Urban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Adenike O. Soogun, Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Temesgen Zewotir, Delia North, Ebenezer Ogunsakin, Perry Rakgoale
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease  vol: 7  issue: 9  first page: 232  year: 2022  
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090232

20. Interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre‐ART (HIV) care and initiation of ART in low‐ and middle‐income settings – a systematic review
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Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 17  issue: 1  year: 2014  
doi: 10.7448/IAS.17.1.19032

21. Human Resources for Treating HIV/AIDS: Are the Preventive Effects of Antiretroviral Treatment a Game Changer?
Till Bärnighausen, David E. Bloom, Salal Humair, Matthew P Fox
PLOS ONE  vol: 11  issue: 10  first page: e0163960  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163960

22. Population-based temporal trends and ethnic disparity in breast cancer mortality in South Africa (1999-2018): Joinpoint and age–period–cohort regression analyses
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doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1056609

23. Evaluation of short message service and peer navigation to improve engagement in HIV care in South Africa: study protocol for a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial
Sheri A. Lippman, Starley B. Shade, Jeri Sumitani, Julia DeKadt, Jennifer M. Gilvydis, Mary Jane Ratlhagana, Jessica Grignon, John Tumbo, Hailey Gilmore, Emily Agnew, Parya Saberi, Scott Barnhart, Wayne T. Steward
Trials  vol: 17  issue: 1  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1190-y

24. Risk factors for tuberculosis smear non-conversion in Eden district, Western Cape, South Africa, 2007–2013: a retrospective cohort study
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doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1712-y

25. Does the Success of HIV Treatment Depend on Gender?
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doi: 10.2217/fmb.12.128

26. Human metapneumovirus-associated severe acute respiratory illness hospitalisation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African children and adults
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Journal of Clinical Virology  vol: 69  first page: 125  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.089

27. Engaging HIV-positive clients in care: acceptability and mechanisms of action of a peer navigation program in South Africa
Wayne T. Steward, Jeri Sumitani, Mary E. Moran, Mary-Jane Ratlhagana, Jessica L. Morris, Lebogang Isidoro, Jennifer M. Gilvydis, John Tumbo, Jessica Grignon, Scott Barnhart, Sheri A. Lippman
AIDS Care  vol: 30  issue: 3  first page: 330  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1363362

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Tambwe Willy Muzumbukilwa, Bihehe Masemo Dieudonne, Riziki Ghislain Manimani, Aganze Gloire Mushebenge, Rajesh Vikram Vagiri, Manimbulu Nlooto
BMC Infectious Diseases  vol: 24  issue: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-10253-y

29. Impact of HLA-driven HIV adaptation on virulence in populations of high HIV seroprevalence
Rebecca Payne, Maximilian Muenchhoff, Jaclyn Mann, Hannah E. Roberts, Philippa Matthews, Emily Adland, Allison Hempenstall, Kuan-Hsiang Huang, Mark Brockman, Zabrina Brumme, Marc Sinclair, Toshiyuki Miura, John Frater, Myron Essex, Roger Shapiro, Bruce D. Walker, Thumbi Ndung’u, Angela R. McLean, Jonathan M. Carlson, Philip J. R. Goulder
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  vol: 111  issue: 50  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1413339111

30. Life in the time of antiretrovirals in South Africa
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The Lancet HIV  vol: 4  issue: 3  first page: e95  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(16)30222-3

31. Extending Dispensing Intervals for Stable Patients on ART
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32. Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) among Adults and Children Aged ≥5 Years in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, 2009–2012
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PLOS ONE  vol: 10  issue: 2  first page: e0117716  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117716

33. Mortality trends and differentials in South Africa from 1997 to 2012: second National Burden of Disease Study
Victoria Pillay-van Wyk, William Msemburi, Ria Laubscher, Rob E Dorrington, Pam Groenewald, Tracy Glass, Beatrice Nojilana, Jané D Joubert, Richard Matzopoulos, Megan Prinsloo, Nadine Nannan, Nomonde Gwebushe, Theo Vos, Nontuthuzelo Somdyala, Nomfuneko Sithole, Ian Neethling, Edward Nicol, Anastasia Rossouw, Debbie Bradshaw
The Lancet Global Health  vol: 4  issue: 9  first page: e642  year: 2016  
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34. Examining the relationship of social support and family cohesion on ART adherence among HIV-positive adolescents in southern Uganda: baseline findings
Christopher Damulira, Miriam N. Mukasa, William Byansi, Proscovia Nabunya, Apollo Kivumbi, Phionah Namatovu, Flavia Namuwonge, Daji Dvalishvili, Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Fred M. Ssewamala
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35. Respiratory syncytial virus in adults with severe acute respiratory illness in a high HIV prevalence setting
Jocelyn Moyes, Sibongile Walaza, Marthi Pretorius, Michelle Groome, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, Sumayya Haffejee, Ebrahim Variava, Adam L. Cohen, Stefano Tempia, Kathleen Kahn, Halima Dawood, Marietjie Venter, Cheryl Cohen, Shabir A. Madhi
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36. Timing and Predictors of Initiation on Antiretroviral Therapy Among Newly-Diagnosed HIV-Infected Persons in South Africa
Anna Larsen, Mireille Cheyip, Abraham Tesfay, Peter Vranken, Henry Fomundam, Anthony Wutoh, Getahun Aynalem
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 23  issue: 2  first page: 375  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2222-2

37. “You Take Medications, You Live Normally”: The Role of Antiretroviral Therapy in Mitigating Men’s Perceived Threats of HIV in Côte d’Ivoire
Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson, Danielle A. Naugle, Natalie Tibbels, Abdul Dosso, Lynn M. Van Lith, Elizabeth C. Mallalieu, Diarra Kamara, Patricia Dailly-Ajavon, Adama Cisse, Kim Seifert Ahanda, Sereen Thaddeus, Stella Babalola, Christopher J. Hoffmann
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 23  issue: 9  first page: 2600  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-019-02614-5

38. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on patients’ economic well being
Sydney Rosen, Bruce Larson, Julia Rohr, Ian Sanne, Constance Mongwenyana, Alana T. Brennan, Omar Galárraga
AIDS  vol: 28  issue: 3  first page: 417  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000053

39. Effects of Vaccination on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in South Africa
Anne von Gottberg, Linda de Gouveia, Stefano Tempia, Vanessa Quan, Susan Meiring, Claire von Mollendorf, Shabir A. Madhi, Elizabeth R. Zell, Jennifer R. Verani, Katherine L. O’Brien, Cynthia G. Whitney, Keith P. Klugman, Cheryl Cohen
New England Journal of Medicine  vol: 371  issue: 20  first page: 1889  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1401914

40. Changing Patterns of Lymphoma in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era in Johannesburg, South Africa
Tracey Wiggill, Elizabeth Mayne, Yvonne Perner, Jenifer Vaughan
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doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002768

41. Nurse and manager perceptions of nurse initiated and managed antiretroviral therapy (NIMART) implementation in South Africa: a qualitative study
Natasha Elaine Claire Garai Davies, Mike Homfray, Emilie Charlotte Venables
BMJ Open  vol: 3  issue: 11  first page: e003840  year: 2013  
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42. Retrospective comparison of cytological and histological bone marrow morphology in adult antiretroviral-naïve and antiretroviral experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with peripheral blood cytopaenias
Suraya Naidoo, Vincent Louis Naicker
Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases  vol: 31  issue: 2  first page: 50  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1080/23120053.2016.1128147

43. Bringing fear into focus: The intersections of HIV and masculine gender norms in Côte d’Ivoire
Danielle Amani Naugle, Natalie Jean Tibbels, Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson, Abdul Dosso, Lynn Van Lith, Elizabeth C. Mallalieu, Anne Marie Kouadio, Walter Kra, Diarra Kamara, Patricia Dailly-Ajavon, Adama Cissé, Kim Seifert-Ahanda, Sereen Thaddeus, Stella Babalola, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Jerome T. Galea
PLOS ONE  vol: 14  issue: 10  first page: e0223414  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223414

44. Plasmablastic lymphoma in Johannesburg, South Africa, in the era of widescale antiretroviral therapy use
J Vaughan, Y Perner, E Mayne, T Wiggill
HIV Medicine  vol: 22  issue: 3  first page: 225  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1111/hiv.12965

45. David Goldblatt:In the Time of Aids
Annabelle Wienand
de arte  vol: 48  issue: 87  first page: 7  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1080/00043389.2013.11877178

46. Thirteen cancers associated with HIV infection in a Black South African cancer patient population (1995‐2016)
Mazvita Sengayi‐Muchengeti, Elvira Singh, Wenlong Carl Chen, Debbie Bradshaw, Chantal Babb de Villiers, Robert Newton, Tim Waterboer, Christopher G Mathew, Freddy Sitas
International Journal of Cancer  vol: 152  issue: 2  first page: 183  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1002/ijc.34236

47. HIV Treatment as Prevention: Systematic Comparison of Mathematical Models of the Potential Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Incidence in South Africa
Jeffrey W. Eaton, Leigh F. Johnson, Joshua A. Salomon, Till Bärnighausen, Eran Bendavid, Anna Bershteyn, David E. Bloom, Valentina Cambiano, Christophe Fraser, Jan A. C. Hontelez, Salal Humair, Daniel J. Klein, Elisa F. Long, Andrew N. Phillips, Carel Pretorius, John Stover, Edward A. Wenger, Brian G. Williams, Timothy B. Hallett, John Bartlett
PLoS Medicine  vol: 9  issue: 7  first page: e1001245  year: 2012  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001245

48. Pooled prevalence, spatial variation and associated factors of HIV testing uptake among multiple sexual partners in Sub Saharan Africa: Spatial and multilevel analysis
Emebet Birhanu Lealem, Ejigu Gebeye Zeleke, Betelhem Abebe Andargie, Alemakef Wagnew, Moses Katbi
PLOS ONE  vol: 19  issue: 7  first page: e0306770  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306770

49. Syndemics of intimate partner violence among women in HIV endemic South Africa: geospatial analysis of nationally representative data
Andrew Tomita, Diego F. Cuadros, Andrew Gibbs
Scientific Reports  vol: 12  issue: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20230-7

50. Trends in AIDS Deaths, New Infections and ART Coverage in the Top 30 Countries with the Highest AIDS Mortality Burden; 1990–2013
Reuben Granich, Somya Gupta, Bradley Hersh, Brian Williams, Julio Montaner, Benjamin Young, José M. Zuniga, Dimitrios Paraskevis
PLOS ONE  vol: 10  issue: 7  first page: e0131353  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131353

51. Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes amongst Older Adults in a Large Multicentre Cohort in South Africa
Geoffrey Fatti, Eula Mothibi, Graeme Meintjes, Ashraf Grimwood, Ruanne V. Barnabas
PLoS ONE  vol: 9  issue: 6  first page: e100273  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100273

52. Early diagnosis is critical to ensure good outcomes in HIV-infected children: outlining barriers to care
Ute D. Feucht, Anell Meyer, Winifred N. Thomas, Brian W. C. Forsyth, Mariana Kruger
AIDS Care  vol: 28  issue: 1  first page: 32  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1066748

53. Biomarkers of Endothelial Activation in Black South African HIV-Positive Subjects are Associated with Both High Viral Load and Low CD4 Counts
Genevieve Mezoh, Nereshni Lutchman, Catherine Worsley, Maemu Gededzha, Elizabeth Mayne, Neil Martinson, Penny L. Moore, Nigel J. Crowther
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses  vol: 38  issue: 2  first page: 152  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1089/aid.2021.0052

54. Viral suppression among adolescents on HIV treatment in the Sedibeng District, Gauteng province
Sibongile Mabizela, Brian Van Wyk
Curationis  vol: 45  issue: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.4102/curationis.v45i1.2312

55. Provision of Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: The Nuts and Bolts
Linda-Gail Bekker, Francois Venter, Karen Cohen, Eric Goemare, Gilles Van Cutsem, Andrew Boulle, Robin Wood
Antiviral Therapy  vol: 19  issue: 3_suppl  first page: 105  year: 2014  
doi: 10.3851/IMP2905

56. Changing Inequalities in Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy by Income and Race in South Africa
Caryn Bredenkamp, Ronelle Burger, Alyssa Jourdan, Eddy Van Doorslaer
Health Systems & Reform  vol: 7  issue: 2  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1080/23288604.2021.1909303

57. Impact of male circumcision on risk of HIV infection in men in a changing epidemic context – systematic review and meta‐analysis
Timothy MM Farley, Julia Samuelson, M Kate Grabowski, Wole Ameyan, Ronald H Gray, Rachel Baggaley
Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 23  issue: 6  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1002/jia2.25490

58. Is the Public Art Programme in the Ethekwini District, Kwazulu-Natal, Patient-Centred?
Delarise Maud Mulqueeny, Myra Taylor
International Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination  vol: 5  issue: 1  year: 2015  
doi: 10.15406/ijvv.2018.05.00093

59. The differential impact of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on gender‐specific tuberculosis rates
Sabine Hermans, Morna Cornell, Keren Middelkoop, Robin Wood
Tropical Medicine & International Health  vol: 24  issue: 4  first page: 454  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1111/tmi.13209

60. The Health Related Quality of Life of HIV Positive Respondents on Antiretroviral Treatment and HIV Negative Living in Lower Socio-Economic Housing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Prishah Narsai, Champaklal C. Jinabhai, Myra Taylor, Fred Stevens
Social Indicators Research  vol: 127  issue: 2  first page: 851  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1007/s11205-015-0970-1

61. Patient experiences with designated service provider medication delivery in a rural general practice in KwaZulu-Natal: a cross-sectional study on HIV patients
VV Reddy, OH Mahomed
South African Family Practice  vol: 58  issue: 3  first page: 126  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1182810

62. Lifestyle factors associated with the transition from healthy to unhealthy adiposity among black South African adults over 10 years
Herculina S. Kruger, Cristian Ricci, Marlien Pieters, Shani Botha-le Roux, Sarah J. Moss, Iolanthe M. Kruger, Tertia van Zyl, Aletta E. Schutte
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases  vol: 31  issue: 7  first page: 2023  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.017

63. Barriers to adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a regional hospital in Vredenburg, Western Cape, South Africa
Ivo N. Azia, Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Brian Van Wyk
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine  vol: 17  issue: 1  year: 2016  
doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v17i1.476

64. Projected population-wide impact of antiretroviral therapy-linked isoniazid preventive therapy in a high-burden setting
Emily A. Kendall, Andrew S. Azman, Gary Maartens, Andrew Boulle, Robert J. Wilkinson, David W. Dowdy, Molebogeng X. Rangaka
AIDS  vol: 33  issue: 3  first page: 525  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002053

65. Cost-effectiveness of tenofovir gel in urban South Africa: model projections of HIV impact and threshold product prices
Fern Terris-Prestholt, Anna M Foss, Andrew P Cox, Lori Heise, Gesine Meyer-Rath, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Thomas Mertenskoetter, Helen Rees, Peter Vickerman, Charlotte H Watts
BMC Infectious Diseases  vol: 14  issue: 1  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-14

66. ‘Re-Engineering the Workforce to Meet Service Needs’: Exploring ‘Task-Shifting’ in South Africa in the Context of Hiv/Aids and Antiretroviral Therapy
Leah Gilbert
South African Review of Sociology  vol: 44  issue: 2  first page: 54  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1080/21528586.2013.802537

67. Addressing the sexual and reproductive health needs of young adolescents living with HIV in South Africa
Marnie Vujovic, Helen Struthers, Saranne Meyersfeld, Kgethi Dlamini, Nhlanhla Mabizela
Children and Youth Services Review  vol: 45  first page: 122  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.028

68. The politics of HIV/AIDS in South Africa: government action and public response
Tom Lodge
Third World Quarterly  vol: 36  issue: 8  first page: 1570  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1080/01436597.2015.1037387

69. Barriers to antiretroviral treatment initiation in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
M Plazy, M‐L Newell, J Orne‐Gliemann, K Naidu, F Dabis, R Dray‐Spira
HIV Medicine  vol: 16  issue: 9  first page: 521  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1111/hiv.12253

70. Projected economic evaluation of the national implementation of a hypothetical HIV vaccination program among adolescents in South Africa, 2012
Nishila Moodley, Glenda Gray, Melanie Bertram
BMC Public Health  vol: 16  issue: 1  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2959-3

71. Provincial and National Prevalence Estimates of Transmitted HIV-1 drug Resistance in South Africa Measured using two WHO-recommended Methods
Gillian M Hunt, Johanna Ledwaba, Monalisa Kalimashe, Anna Salimo, Siyabonga Cibane, Beverly Singh, Adrian Puren, Natalie Exner Dean, Lynn Morris, Michael R Jordan
Antiviral Therapy  vol: 24  issue: 3  first page: 203  year: 2019  
doi: 10.3851/IMP3294

72. Characterising the scale-up and performance of antiretroviral therapy programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: an observational study using growth curves
Benjamin Bigelow, Stéphane Verguet
BMJ Open  vol: 10  issue: 9  first page: e034973  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034973

73. Predictors of poor adherence among people on antiretroviral treatment in Cape Town, South Africa: a case-control study
Sarah Dewing, Cathy Mathews, Mark Lurie, Ashraf Kagee, Trishanta Padayachee, Carl Lombard
AIDS Care  vol: 27  issue: 3  first page: 342  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1080/09540121.2014.994471

74. Diversity of patient preparation activities before initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Cape Town, South Africa
Landon Myer, Rose Zulliger, David Pienaar
Tropical Medicine & International Health  vol: 17  issue: 8  first page: 972  year: 2012  
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03033.x

75. Birth Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants to Reduce Infant Mortality and Monitor for Elimination of Mother-to-child Transmission
Rivka R. Lilian, Emma Kalk, Karl-Gunter Technau, Gayle G. Sherman
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal  vol: 32  issue: 10  first page: 1080  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318290622e

76. Continuum inHIVcare from entry toARTinitiation in ruralKwaZulu‐Natal,SouthAfrica
Mélanie Plazy, Rosemary Dray‐Spira, Joanna Orne‐Gliemann, François Dabis, Marie‐Louise Newell
Tropical Medicine & International Health  vol: 19  issue: 6  first page: 680  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1111/tmi.12301

77. Health Care Providers’ Challenges to High-Quality HIV Care and Antiretroviral Treatment Retention in Rural South Africa
Aimée Julien, Sibyl Anthierens, Annelies Van Rie, Rebecca West, Meriam Maritze, Rhian Twine, Kathleen Kahn, Sheri A. Lippman, Audrey Pettifor, Hannah H. Leslie
Qualitative Health Research  vol: 31  issue: 4  first page: 722  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1177/1049732320983270

78. Population-level tuberculosis incidence in the ART era
Sabine Hermans, Yukari Manabe
The Lancet Infectious Diseases  vol: 15  issue: 9  first page: 997  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00146-2

79. Community Viral Load and CD4 Count Distribution Among People Living With HIV in a South African Township
Katharina Kranzer, Stephen D. Lawn, Leigh F. Johnson, Linda-Gail Bekker, Robin Wood
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 63  issue: 4  first page: 498  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318293ae48

80. The impact of HIV-associated anaemia on the incidence of red blood cell transfusion: Implications for blood services in HIV-endemic countries
Karin van den Berg, Edward L. Murphy, Lelanie Pretorius, Vernon J. Louw
Transfusion and Apheresis Science  vol: 51  issue: 3  first page: 10  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.10.012

81. Treatment Failure, Drug Resistance, and CD4 T-Cell Count Decline Among Postpartum Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa
Christopher J. Hoffmann, Silvia Cohn, Fildah Mashabela, Jennifer D. Hoffmann, Helen McIlleron, Paolo Denti, David W. Haas, Kelly E. Dooley, Neil A. Martinson, Richard E. Chaisson
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 71  issue: 1  first page: 31  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000811

82. Evaluation of the Tsima community mobilization intervention to improve engagement in HIV testing and care in South Africa: study protocol for a cluster randomized trial
Sheri A. Lippman, Audrey Pettifor, Dumisani Rebombo, Aimée Julien, Ryan G. Wagner, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula, Torsten B. Neilands, Rhian Twine, Ann Gottert, F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Stephen M. Tollman, Ian Sanne, Dean Peacock, Kathleen Kahn
Implementation Science  vol: 12  issue: 1  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0541-0

83. The impact of antiretroviral therapy on population-level virulence evolution of HIV-1
Hannah E. Roberts, Philip J. R. Goulder, Angela R. McLean
Journal of The Royal Society Interface  vol: 12  issue: 113  first page: 20150888  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0888

84. Social Support and the Mediating Roles of Alcohol Use and Adherence Self-Efficacy on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Among ART Recipients in Gauteng, South Africa
Connie T. Kekwaletswe, Esmé Jordaan, Sebenzile Nkosi, Neo K. Morojele
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 21  issue: 7  first page: 1846  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1595-3

85. Increases in Adult Life Expectancy in Rural South Africa: Valuing the Scale-Up of HIV Treatment
Jacob Bor, Abraham J. Herbst, Marie-Louise Newell, Till Bärnighausen
Science  vol: 339  issue: 6122  first page: 961  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1126/science.1230413

86. HIV-related stigma and uptake of antiretroviral treatment among incarcerated individuals living with HIV/AIDS in South African correctional settings: A mixed methods analysis
Lucy Chimoyi, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Harry Hausler, Pretty Ndini, Israel Rabothata, Danielle Daniels-Felix, Abraham J. Olivier, Katherine Fielding, Salome Charalambous, Candice M. Chetty-Makkan, Andrea Knittel
PLOS ONE  vol: 16  issue: 7  first page: e0254975  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254975

87. Improving the quality of nurse clinical documentation for chronic patients at primary care clinics: A multifaceted intervention
Ozayr H. Mahomed, Salsohni Naidoo, Shaidah Asmall, Myra Taylor
Curationis  vol: 38  issue: 1  year: 2015  
doi: 10.4102/curationis.v38i1.1497

88. Etiology of meningitis among adults in three quaternary hospitals in Mozambique, 2016–2017: The role of HIV
Aquino Albino Nhantumbo, Charlotte Elizabeth Comé, Plácida Iliany Maholela, Alcides Moniz Munguambe, Paulino da Costa, Mariana Mott, Gabriella Rosa Cunha, Lúcia Chambal, Cícero Dias, Vlademir Vicente Cantarelli, Eduardo Samo Gudo, Troy D. Moon
PLOS ONE  vol: 17  issue: 5  first page: e0267949  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267949

89. Initiating antiretroviral therapy when presenting with higher CD4 cell counts results in reduced loss to follow-up in a resource-limited setting
Kate Clouse, Audrey Pettifor, Mhairi Maskew, Jean Bassett, Annelies Van Rie, Cynthia Gay, Frieda Behets, Ian Sanne, Matthew P. Fox
AIDS  vol: 27  issue: 4  first page: 645  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835c12f9

90. ‘We need other men to stand up and start the journey’ engaging men as HIV community health workers - a gender transformative approach?
Lesley Gittings, Ashraf Grimwood
Culture, Health & Sexuality  vol: 23  issue: 2  first page: 192  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1700306

91. Life Expectancies of South African Adults Starting Antiretroviral Treatment: Collaborative Analysis of Cohort Studies
Leigh F. Johnson, Joel Mossong, Rob E. Dorrington, Michael Schomaker, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Olivia Keiser, Matthew P. Fox, Robin Wood, Hans Prozesky, Janet Giddy, Daniela Belen Garone, Morna Cornell, Matthias Egger, Andrew Boulle, David D. Celentano
PLoS Medicine  vol: 10  issue: 4  first page: e1001418  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001418

92. The rise and fall of mortality inequality in South Africa in the HIV era
Karel Haal, Anja Smith, Eddy van Doorslaer
SSM - Population Health  vol: 5  first page: 239  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.06.007

93. The Effect of Timing of Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy on Loss to Follow-up in HIV–Tuberculosis Coinfected Patients in South Africa: An Open-Label, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Kogieleum Naidoo
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 72  issue: 4  first page: 430  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000995

94. Evidence of susceptibility to lamivudine-based HAART and genetic stability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HIV co-infected patients: A South African longitudinal HBV whole genome study
Edina Amponsah-Dacosta, J. Nare Rakgole, Maemu P. Gededzha, Azwidowi Lukhwareni, Jason T. Blackard, Selokela G. Selabe, M. Jeffrey Mphahlele
Infection, Genetics and Evolution  vol: 43  first page: 232  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.035

95. Eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission in South Africa
Peter Barron, Yogan Pillay, Tanya Doherty, Gayle Sherman, Debra Jackson, Sanjana Bhardwaj, Precious Robinson, Ameena Goga
Bulletin of the World Health Organization  vol: 91  issue: 1  first page: 70  year: 2013  
doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.106807

96. Epidemiology of Viral-associated Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Among Children <5 Years of Age in a High HIV Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2009–2012
Cheryl Cohen, Sibongile Walaza, Jocelyn Moyes, Michelle Groome, Stefano Tempia, Marthi Pretorius, Orienka Hellferscee, Halima Dawood, Meera Chhagan, Fathima Naby, Summaya Haffejee, Ebrahim Variava, Kathleen Kahn, Susan Nzenze, Akhona Tshangela, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, Adam L. Cohen, Babatyi Kgokong, Marietjie Venter, Shabir A. Madhi
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal  vol: 34  issue: 1  first page: 66  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000478

97. Delays by people living with HIV/AIDS in accessing antiretroviral therapy
D Semakula, C Van Deventer
South African Family Practice  vol: 55  issue: 6  first page: 574  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1080/20786204.2013.10874419

98. Trends in HIV Prevalence in Pregnant Women in Rural South Africa
Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Janet A. Frohlich, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Gethwana Mahlase, Natasha Samsunder, Rachael C. Dellar, May Zuma-Mkhonza, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Quarraisha Abdool Karim
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 70  issue: 3  first page: 289  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000761

99. Towards a needs-based design of the physical rehabilitation workforce in South Africa: trend analysis [1990–2017] and a 5-year forecasting for the most impactful health conditions based on global burden of disease estimates
Q. Louw, K. Grimmer, K. Berner, T. Conradie, D. T. Bedada, T. S. Jesus
BMC Public Health  vol: 21  issue: 1  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10962-y

100. Delays in third-line antiretroviral therapy and outcomes in North West province
Babalwa Majova, Ebrahim Variava, Neil Martinson
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine  vol: 23  issue: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1394

101. Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in people with HIV infection treated with ART in rural South Africa: a cross sectional study
Felistas Mashinya, Marianne Alberts, Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden, Robert Colebunders
AIDS Research and Therapy  vol: 12  issue: 1  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1186/s12981-015-0083-6

102. Traditional health practitioners’ management of HIV/AIDS in rural South Africa in the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy
Thembelihle Zuma, Daniel Wight, Tamsen Rochat, Mosa Moshabela
Global Health Action  vol: 10  issue: 1  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1352210

103. Noncommunicable Disease Conditions and HIV in Rural and Urban South Africa: 2005-2015
Leandi Lammertyn, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Herculina S. Kruger, Iolanthe M. Kruger, Carla M. T. Fourie
Ethnicity & Disease  vol: 33  issue: 2-3  first page: 108  year: 2023  
doi: 10.18865/ed.33.2-3.108

104. UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in older people living with HIV in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Etheldreda I. Y. Madela, Celia L. Gregson, Farhanah Paruk, Anya J. Burton, Rita Patel, Hannah Wilson, Fundile Habana, Anthony M. Manyara, Bavumile Mbanjwa, Lucy Gates, Camille M. Pearse, Chris Grundy, Kate A. Ward, Bilkish Cassim
BMC Infectious Diseases  vol: 26  issue: 1  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1186/s12879-026-13273-y

105. Cost and outcomes of paediatric antiretroviral treatment in South Africa
Gesine Meyer-Rath, Alana Brennan, Lawrence Long, Buyiswa Ndibongo, Karl Technau, Harry Moultrie, Lee Fairlie, Ashraf Coovadia, Sydney Rosen
AIDS  vol: 27  issue: 2  first page: 243  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835a5b92

106. Predicted levels of HIV drug resistance
Valentina Cambiano, Silvia Bertagnolio, Michael R. Jordan, Deenan Pillay, Joseph H. Perriëns, Francois Venter, Jens Lundgren, Andrew Phillips
AIDS  vol: 28  issue: Supplement 1  first page: S15  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000082

107. HIV and TB co-infection in the ART era: CD4 count distributions and TB case fatality in Cape Town
Richard Kaplan, Sabine Hermans, Judy Caldwell, Karen Jennings, Linda-Gail Bekker, Robin Wood
BMC Infectious Diseases  vol: 18  issue: 1  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3256-9

108. Determinants of mortality status and population attributable risk fractions of the North West Province, South African site of the international PURE study
Cristian Ricci, Iolanthe M. Kruger, Herculina S. Kruger, Yolandi Breet, Sarah J. Moss, Abie van Oort, Petra Bester, Marlien Pieters
Archives of Public Health  vol: 82  issue: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1186/s13690-024-01336-y

109. Severe Influenza-associated Respiratory Infection in High HIV Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2009–2011
Cheryl Cohen, Jocelyn Moyes, Stefano Tempia, Michelle Groom, Sibongile Walaza, Marthi Pretorius, Halima Dawood, Meera Chhagan, Summaya Haffejee, Ebrahim Variava, Kathleen Kahn, Akhona Tshangela, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, Adam L. Cohen, Babatyi Kgokong, Marietjie Venter, Shabir A. Madhi
Emerging Infectious Diseases  vol: 19  issue: 11  year: 2013  
doi: 10.3201/eid1911.130546

110. Risk Compensation and HIV Therapy: A Field Experiment in South Africa
Plamen Nikolov
The Journal of Development Studies  vol: 58  issue: 9  first page: 1711  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1080/00220388.2022.2075732

111. Equity in adherence to antiretroviral therapy among economically vulnerable adolescents living with HIV in Uganda
Laura Gauer Bermudez, Larissa Jennings, Fred M. Ssewamala, Proscovia Nabunya, Claude Mellins, Mary McKay
AIDS Care  vol: 28  issue: sup2  first page: 83  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1176681

112. Men, masculinity, and engagement with treatment as prevention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Jeremiah Chikovore, Natasha Gillespie, Nuala McGrath, Joanna Orne-Gliemann, Thembelihle Zuma
AIDS Care  vol: 28  issue: sup3  first page: 74  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1178953

113. The health impact of free access to antiretroviral therapy in South Africa
Cobus Burger, Ronelle Burger, Eddy van Doorslaer
Social Science & Medicine  vol: 299  first page: 114832  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114832

114. HIV Infection and the Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) in South African Adults and Older Children Prior to the Introduction of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV)
Susan Meiring, Cheryl Cohen, Vanessa Quan, Linda de Gouveia, Charles Feldman, Alan Karstaedt, Keith P. Klugman, Shabir A. Madhi, Helene Rabie, Charlotte Sriruttan, Anne von Gottberg, Jose Melo-Cristino
PLOS ONE  vol: 11  issue: 2  first page: e0149104  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149104

115. Plasma viraemia in HIV‐positive pregnant women entering antenatal care in South Africa
Landon Myer, Tamsin K Phillips, Nei‐Yuan Hsiao, Allison Zerbe, Gregory Petro, Linda‐Gail Bekker, James A McIntyre, Elaine J Abrams
Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 18  issue: 1  year: 2015  
doi: 10.7448/IAS.18.1.20045

116. Temporal trends in TB notification rates during ART scale‐up in Cape Town: an ecological analysis
Sabine Hermans, Andrew Boulle, Judy Caldwell, David Pienaar, Robin Wood
Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 18  issue: 1  year: 2015  
doi: 10.7448/IAS.18.1.20240

117. The impact of a CD4 tiered service model on interlaboratory referral distances in South Africa
Naseem Cassim, Manuel P. Da Silva, Deborah K. Glencross, Lindi-Marie Coetzee, Wendy S. Stevens
Journal of Public Health in Africa  vol: 16  issue: 1  year: 2025  
doi: 10.4102/jphia.v16i1.1357

118. The Impact of Gender Norms on Condom Use among HIV-Positive Adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Kristin Fladseth, Mitzy Gafos, Marie Louise Newell, Nuala McGrath, Sinuhe Hahn
PLOS ONE  vol: 10  issue: 4  first page: e0122671  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122671

119. Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes Among Individuals on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Tambwe Willy Muzumbukilwa, Riziki Ghislain Manimani, Aganze Gloire-Aime Mushebenge, Rajesh Vikram Vagiri, Manimbulu Nlooto, Kirtimaan Syal
AIDS Research and Treatment  vol: 2024  issue: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1155/arat/8834740

120. Brief Report: HIV-Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma Involving the Bone Marrow Identifies a Very High-Risk Subpopulation in the Era of Widescale Antiretroviral Therapy Use in Johannesburg, South Africa
Jenifer Vaughan, Yvonne Perner, Ewen McAlpine, Tracey Wiggill
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 83  issue: 4  first page: 345  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002276

121. HIV Infection and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities
Ayesha B.M. Kharsany, Quarraisha A. Karim
The Open AIDS Journal  vol: 10  issue: 1  first page: 34  year: 2016  
doi: 10.2174/1874613601610010034

122. Patient Retention From HIV Diagnosis Through One Year on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Primary Health Care Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa
Kate Clouse, Audrey E. Pettifor, Mhairi Maskew, Jean Bassett, Annelies Van Rie, Frieda Behets, Cynthia Gay, Ian Sanne, Matthew P. Fox
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 62  issue: 2  first page: e39  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318273ac48

123. The HIV Care Cascade from HIV diagnosis to viral suppression in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis protocol
Aysel Gueler, Fiona Vanobberghen, Brian Rice, Matthias Egger, Catrina Mugglin
Systematic Reviews  vol: 6  issue: 1  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1186/s13643-017-0562-z

124. Associations Between Alcohol Use, Other Psychosocial Factors, Structural Factors and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Among South African ART Recipients
Neo K. Morojele, Connie T. Kekwaletswe, Sebenzile Nkosi
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 18  issue: 3  first page: 519  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-013-0583-0

125. Tobacco Use and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Individuals with Depression Who Are Receiving Treatment for HIV in Cape Town, South Africa
Amelia M. Stanton, Jasper S. Lee, Megan R. Wirtz, Lena S. Andersen, John Joska, Steven A. Safren, Richard van Zyl-Smit, Conall O’Cleirigh
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine  vol: 28  issue: 4  first page: 417  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1007/s12529-020-09951-z

126. ‘Pharmacists have been left out of the loop’: exploring the role of pharmacists in the management of HIV/AIDS in South Africa
Leah Gilbert
International Journal of Pharmacy Practice  vol: 24  issue: 1  first page: 40  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1111/ijpp.12203

127. Cohort Prevalence Estimates Are Sensitive to Prebaseline Mortality: A Research Note Using Cognitive Impairment Data From the HAALSI Cohort in Rural South Africa
Molly Rosenberg, Erika Beidelman, Xiwei Chen, Kathleen Kahn, Chodziwadziwa W. Kabudula, Lindsay C. Kobayashi
Demography  vol: 63  issue: 1  first page: 79  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1215/00703370-12479730

128. Mortality during tuberculosis treatment in South Africa using an 8-year analysis of the national tuberculosis treatment register
Muhammad Osman, Cari van Schalkwyk, Pren Naidoo, James A. Seddon, Rory Dunbar, Sicelo S. Dlamini, Alex Welte, Anneke C. Hesseling, Mareli M. Claassens
Scientific Reports  vol: 11  issue: 1  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95331-w

129. ‘If you are found taking medicine, you will be called names and considered less of a man’: young men’s engagement with HIV treatment and care during ulwaluko (traditional initiation and circumcision) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
L. Gittings, R. Hodes, C. Colvin, S. Mbula, P. Kom
SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS  vol: 18  issue: 1  first page: 64  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1080/17290376.2021.1894225

130. A South African Public-Private Partnership HIV Treatment Model: Viability and Success Factors
Jude Igumbor, Sophie Pascoe, Shuabe Rajap, Wendy Townsend, John Sargent, Ernest Darkoh, Sten H. Vermund
PLoS ONE  vol: 9  issue: 10  first page: e110635  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110635

131. High-Level Cross-Resistance to Didanosine Observed in South African Children Failing an Abacavir- or Stavudine-Based 1st-Line Regimen
Kim Steegen, Leon Levin, Irene Ketseoglou, Michelle Bronze, Maria A. Papathanasopoulos, Sergio Carmona, Wendy Stevens, Cheryl A. Stoddart
PLoS ONE  vol: 9  issue: 5  first page: e97067  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097067

132. Informing Comprehensive HIV Prevention: A Situational Analysis of the HIV Prevention and Care Context, North West Province South Africa
Sheri A. Lippman, Sarah Treves-Kagan, Jennifer M. Gilvydis, Evasen Naidoo, Gertrude Khumalo-Sakutukwa, Lynae Darbes, Elsie Raphela, Lebogang Ntswane, Scott Barnhart, Patrick S. Sullivan
PLoS ONE  vol: 9  issue: 7  first page: e102904  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102904

133. The continuum of HIV care in South Africa
Simbarashe Takuva, Alison E. Brown, Yogan Pillay, Valerie Delpech, Adrian J. Puren
AIDS  vol: 31  issue: 4  first page: 545  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001340

134. A Comparison of South African National HIV Incidence Estimates: A Critical Appraisal of Different Methods
Thomas Rehle, Leigh Johnson, Timothy Hallett, Mary Mahy, Andrea Kim, Helen Odido, Dorina Onoya, Sean Jooste, Olive Shisana, Adrian Puren, Bharat Parekh, John Stover, Ruan Yuhua
PLOS ONE  vol: 10  issue: 7  first page: e0133255  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133255

135. Temporal Association of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction and Reduction in All-Cause Childhood Diarrheal Hospitalizations in South Africa
Michelle J. Groome, Elizabeth R. Zell, Fatima Solomon, Susan Nzenze, Umesh D. Parashar, Alane Izu, Shabir A. Madhi
Clinical Infectious Diseases  vol: 62  issue: suppl 2  first page: S188  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1093/cid/civ1204

136. Exploring Self-reported Adherence Measures to Screen for Elevated HIV Viral Load in Adolescents: A South African Cohort Study
Siyanai Zhou, Elona Toska, Nontokozo Langwenya, Olanrewaju Edun, Lucie Cluver, Lucia Knight
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 27  issue: 11  first page: 3537  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-023-04068-2

137. Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based TB/HIV Screening and Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa
Jennifer A. Gilbert, Sheela V. Shenoi, Anthony P. Moll, Gerald H. Friedland, A. David Paltiel, Alison P. Galvani, Alan Landay
PLOS ONE  vol: 11  issue: 12  first page: e0165614  year: 2016  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165614

138. Mixed-method estimation of population-level HIV viral suppression rate in the Western Cape, South Africa
Elton Mukonda, Nei-Yuan Hsiao, Lara Vojnov, Landon Myer, Maia Lesosky
BMJ Global Health  vol: 5  issue: 8  first page: e002522  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002522

139. Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Julia Bohlius, Matthias Egger, Adrian Spoerri, Jabulani Ronnie Ncayiyana, Gita Naidu, Victor Olago, Marcel Zwahlen, Elvira Singh, Mazvita Muchengeti
BMJ Open  vol: 11  issue: 10  first page: e043941  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043941

140. Cohort profile: the South African HIV Cancer Match (SAM) Study, a national population-based cohort
Mazvita Muchengeti, Lina Bartels, Victor Olago, Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Wenlong Carl Chen, Adrian Spoerri, Eliane Rohner, Lukas Bütikofer, Yann Ruffieux, Elvira Singh, Matthias Egger, Julia Bohlius
BMJ Open  vol: 12  issue: 4  first page: e053460  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053460

141. Integrating Community-Based Interventions to Reverse the Convergent TB/HIV Epidemics in Rural South Africa
Jennifer A. Gilbert, Elisa F. Long, Ralph P. Brooks, Gerald H. Friedland, Anthony P. Moll, Jeffrey P. Townsend, Alison P. Galvani, Sheela V. Shenoi, Anil Kumar Tyagi
PLOS ONE  vol: 10  issue: 5  first page: e0126267  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126267

142. Progress towards the 2020 targets for HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment in South Africa
Leigh F. Johnson, Rob E. Dorrington, Haroon Moolla
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine  vol: 18  issue: 1  year: 2017  
doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.694

143. Success factors for universal access to antiretroviral treatments in South Africa
Marlène Guillon
The International Journal of Health Planning and Management  vol: 33  issue: 4  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1002/hpm.2602

144. Patterns of presentation and survival of HIV‐infected patients admitted to a tertiary‐level intensive care unit
RW Maphula, AE Laher, GA Richards
HIV Medicine  vol: 21  issue: 5  first page: 334  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1111/hiv.12834

145. Strengthening HIV surveillance in the antiretroviral therapy era: rationale and design of a longitudinal study to monitor HIV prevalence and incidence in the uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Ayesha BM Kharsany, Cherie Cawood, David Khanyile, Anneke Grobler, Lyle R. Mckinnon, Natasha Samsunder, Janet A Frohlich, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Adrian Puren, Alex Welte, Gavin George, Kaymarlin Govender, Carlos Toledo, Zawadi Chipeta, Lycias Zembe, Mary T Glenshaw, Lorna Madurai, Varough M Deyde, Alfred Bere
BMC Public Health  vol: 15  issue: 1  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2179-2

146. Unawareness of HIV Infection Among Men Aged 15–59 Years in 13 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Findings From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessments, 2015–2019
Christine A. West, Gregory C. Chang, Dustin W. Currie, Rachel Bray, Steve Kinchen, Stephanie Behel, Rachel McCullough-Sanden, Andrea Low, Anne Bissek, Judith D. Shang, Clement B. Ndongmo, Emily K. Dokubo, Shirish Balachandra, Legre R. Lobognon, Lenhle Dube, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Michelle Li, Munyaradzi Pasipamire, Yimam Getaneh, Sileshi Lulseged, Frehywot Eshetu, Leonard Kingwara, Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez, Mphotleng Tlhomola, Puleng Ramphalla, Thokozani Kalua, Andrew F. Auld, Daniel B. Williams, Eric Remera, Gallican N. Rwibasira, Veronicah Mugisha, Samuel S. Malamba, Jeremiah Mushi, Mohamed F. Jalloh, George S. Mgomella, Wilford L. Kirungi, Sam Biraro, Anna C. Awor, Danielle T. Barradas, Owen Mugurungi, John H. Rogers, Megan Bronson, Stephane M. Bodika, Aderonke Ajiboye, Nicholas Gaffga, Carole Moore, Hetal K. Patel, Andrew C. Voetsch
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 87  issue: 1  first page: S97  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002708

147. Patients’ recommendations for a patient-centred public antiretroviral therapy programme in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal
Delarise M. Mulqueeny, Myra Taylor
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine  vol: 18  issue: 1  year: 2017  
doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.677