Original Research

Progress towards the 2020 targets for HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment in South Africa

Leigh F. Johnson, Rob E. Dorrington, Haroon Moolla
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 18, No 1 | a694 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.694 | © 2017 Leigh F. Johnson, Rob E. Dorrington, Haroon Moolla | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 21 September 2016 | Published: 27 July 2017

About the author(s)

Leigh F. Johnson, Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Rob E. Dorrington, Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Haroon Moolla, Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract

Background: The UNAIDS targets for 2020 are to achieve a 90% rate of diagnosis in HIVpositive individuals, to provide antiretroviral treatment (ART) to 90% of HIV-diagnosed individuals and to achieve virological suppression in 90% of ART patients.

Objectives: To assess South Africa’s progress towards the 2020 targets and variations in performance by province.

Methods: A mathematical model was fitted to HIV data for each of South Africa’s provinces, and for the country as a whole. Numbers of HIV tests performed in each province were estimated from routine data over the 2002–2015 period, and numbers of patients receiving ART in each province were estimated by fitting models to reported public and private ART enrolment statistics.

Results: By the middle of 2015, 85.5% (95% CI: 84.5% – 86.5%) of HIV-positive South African adults had been diagnosed, with little variation between provinces. However, only 56.9% (95% CI: 55.3% – 58.7%) of HIV-diagnosed adults were on ART, with this proportion varying between 50.8% in North West and 72.7% in Northern Cape. In addition, 78.4% of adults on ART were virally suppressed, with rates ranging from 69.7% in Limpopo to 85.9% in Western Cape. Overall, 3.39 million (95% CI: 3.26–3.52 million) South Africans were on ART by mid- 2015, equivalent to 48.6% (95% CI: 46.0% – 51.2%) of the HIV-positive population. ART coverage varied between 43.0% in Gauteng and 63.0% in Northern Cape.

Conclusion: Although South Africa is well on its way to reaching the 90% HIV diagnosis target, most provinces face challenges in reaching the remaining two 90% targets.


Keywords

HIV/AIDS; antiretroviral treatment; HIV diagnosis; South Africa

Metrics

Total abstract views: 10652
Total article views: 19284

 

Crossref Citations

1. An evaluation of male learners’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexual and reproductive health in rural northern KwaZulu-Natal province
Mampho Mochaoa Rogers, Gloria Mfeka-Nkabinde, Andrew Ross
South African Family Practice  vol: 61  issue: 6  first page: 239  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1080/20786190.2019.1664539

2. Same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation for HIV-infected adults in South Africa: Analysis of routine data
Rivka R. Lilian, Kate Rees, James A. McIntyre, Helen E. Struthers, Remco P. H. Peters, Marcel Yotebieng
PLOS ONE  vol: 15  issue: 1  first page: e0227572  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227572

3. Qualitative accounts of PrEP discontinuation from the general population in Eswatini
Kate Bärnighausen, Pascal Geldsetzer, Sindy Matse, Anita Hettema, Allison B. Hughey, Phiwa Dlamini, Mxolisi Mavuso, David Fakudze, Kathleen Kahn, Till Bärnighausen, Shannon A. McMahon
Culture, Health & Sexuality  vol: 23  issue: 9  first page: 1198  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1770333

4. Late HIV Diagnosis and Its Impact on Immune Recovery and Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Study From Turkey
Nadide Ergün, Gürsel Ersan
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)  vol: 24  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1177/23259582251404545

5. The Effect on Theatre Nurses for Rendering Perioperative Care to Patients Living with HIV in a South African Tertiary Hospital
Rudzani Ifodia Ngaledzani, Avhatakali Allga Ndou-Mammbona, Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi, Kwame Yeboah
AIDS Research and Treatment  vol: 2023  first page: 1  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1155/2023/1889208

6. Factors that influence adolescent girls and young women's re‐initiation or complete discontinuation from daily oral PrEP use: a qualitative study from Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Lindsey de Vos, Emily Krogstad Mudzingwa, Lauren Fynn, Millicent Atujuna, Matinatsa Mugore, Monica Gandhi, Connie Celum, Sybil Hosek, Linda‐Gail Bekker, Joseph Daniels, Andrew Medina‐Marino
Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 26  issue: 9  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1002/jia2.26175

7. Who is a mobile man ‘at risk’? Masculinity, work-related mobility, and HIV-related risks in Uganda and South Africa
Martin Mbonye, Janet Seeley, Julie Fox, Emily L Webb, Andrew Medina-Marino, Eugene Ruzagira, Thabang Manyaapelo, Seluleko E. Ngcobo
Journal of Migration and Health  vol: 13  first page: 100414  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1016/j.jmh.2026.100414

8. Implementing oral (event-driven and daily) and long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis in mobile men in sub-Saharan Africa: a phase 3b, open-label, hybrid type 2 implementation and effectiveness trial (MOBILE MEN)
Sylvia Kusemererwa, Bernadette Nayiga, Limakatso Lebina, Linda Gail Bekker, Andrew Philips, Loveleen Bansi- Matharu, Darshini Govindasamy, Gesine Meyer-Rath, Geofrey Kimbugwe, Eugene Ruzagira, Maryam Shahmanesh, Janet Seeley, Emily L. Webb, Julie Fox
Trials  vol: 26  issue: 1  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-09138-5

9. Exploring how outreach team leaders perceive community health workers’ experiences of providing HIV services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Gugulethu E Khumalo, Elizabeth Lutge, Tivani P Mashamba-Thompson
African Journal of AIDS Research  vol: 21  issue: 3  first page: 239  year: 2022  
doi: 10.2989/16085906.2022.2060841

10. Tuberculosis testing patterns in South Africa to identify groups that would benefit from increased investigation
Anne N. Shapiro, Lesley Scott, Harry Moultrie, Karen R. Jacobson, Jacob Bor, Abdou M. Fofana, Graeme Dor, Norbert O. Ndjeka, Pedro da Silva, Koleka Mlisana, Helen E. Jenkins, Wendy S. Stevens
Scientific Reports  vol: 13  issue: 1  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47148-y

11. Predictors and Prognosis of HIV-Associated Nephropathy on Kidney Biopsy in South Africa
Hloni Bookholane, Nicola Wearne, Aditya Surapaneni, Samantha Ash, Raphaela Berghammer-Böhmer, Aadil Omar, Ruan Spies, Morgan E. Grams
Kidney International Reports  vol: 5  issue: 10  first page: 1799  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.06.036

12. Epidemiological impact and cost‐effectiveness of providing long‐acting pre‐exposure prophylaxis to injectable contraceptive users for HIV prevention in South Africa: a modelling study
Marjolein M van Vliet, Cheryl Hendrickson, Brooke E Nichols, Charles AB Boucher, Remco PH Peters, David AMC van de Vijver
Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 22  issue: 12  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1002/jia2.25427

13. Retrospective analysis to describe trends in first-ever prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for primary healthcare facilities in the Gauteng Province, South Africa, between 2006 and 2016
Naseem Cassim, Timothy R Rebbeck, Deborah K Glencross, Jaya A George
BMJ Open  vol: 12  issue: 3  first page: e050646  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050646

14. Social isolation, social exclusion, and access to mental and tangible resources: mapping the gendered impact of tuberculosis-related stigma among men and women living with tuberculosis in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Andrew Medina-Marino, Lindsey de Vos, Joseph Daniels
BMC Global and Public Health  vol: 3  issue: 1  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1186/s44263-025-00166-6

15. Retrospective review of maternal HIV viral load electronic gatekeeping codes in South Africa
Siphesihle K. Mahanjana, Tladi Ledibane, Gayle G. Sherman, Tanya Y. Murray, Ahmad F. Haeri Mazanderani
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine  vol: 25  issue: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.4102/SAJHIVMED.v25i1.1539

16. Beyond HIV prevalence: identifying people living with HIV within underserved areas in South Africa
Hana Kim, Frank Tanser, Andrew Tomita, Alain Vandormael, Diego F Cuadros
BMJ Global Health  vol: 6  issue: 4  first page: e004089  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004089

17. Potential Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Condomless-Sex–Concentrated PrEP in KwaZulu-Natal Accounting for Drug Resistance
Andrew N Phillips, Valentina Cambiano, Leigh Johnson, Fumiyo Nakagawa, Rick Homan, Gesine Meyer-Rath, Thomas Rehle, Frank Tanser, Sizulu Moyo, Maryam Shahmanesh, Delivette Castor, Elizabeth Russell, Lise Jamieson, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Amir Shroufi, Ruanne V Barnabas, Urvi M Parikh, John W Mellors, Paul Revill
The Journal of Infectious Diseases  vol: 223  issue: 8  first page: 1345  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz667

18. Exploring the validity of routine individuated service data for antenatal HIV surveillance in the Western Cape
Nisha Jacob, Brian Rice, Alexa Heekes, Leigh F. Johnson, Samantha Brinkmann, Tendesayi Kufa, Adrian Puren, Andrew Boulle
BMC Infectious Diseases  vol: 25  issue: 1  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-10639-6

19. Towards achieving the 90–90–90 HIV targets: results from the south African 2017 national HIV survey
Edmore Marinda, Leickness Simbayi, Khangelani Zuma, Nompumelelo Zungu, Sizulu Moyo, Lwando Kondlo, Sean Jooste, Patrick Nadol, Ehimario Igumbor, Cheryl Dietrich, Melissa Briggs-Hagen
BMC Public Health  vol: 20  issue: 1  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09457-z

20. “Safe Places Like These are Rare”: Feasibility of the Speaking Out and Allying Relationships (SOAR) Intervention for HIV-Positive Sexual Minority Men in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Joseph Daniels, Jesse Fletcher, Derek R. Manis, Dawie Nel, Helen Struthers, Oscar Radebe, Ntokoso Piliso, Cikizwa Bongo, Andrew Medina-Marino, Lindsey de Vos, Remco P. H. Peters
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 30  issue: 3  first page: 797  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-025-04934-1

21. Perioperative care to patients living with HIV by theatre nurses at a South African tertiary hospital
Rudzani Ifodia Ngaledzani, Avhatakali Allga Ndou-Mammbona, Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi
F1000Research  vol: 11  first page: 1299  year: 2022  
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.125582.1

22. Unintended Consequences of Community Health Worker Programs in South Africa
Catherine van de Ruit
Qualitative Health Research  vol: 29  issue: 11  first page: 1535  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1177/1049732319857059

23. Contemporary Disengagement From Antiretroviral Therapy in the Western Cape, South Africa: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Jonathan Euvrard, Claire Marriott Keene, Erin von der Heyden, Meg Osler, David Pienaar, Hassan Mahomed, Graeme Meintjes, Mary‐Ann Davies, Andrew Boulle
Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 29  issue: 5  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1002/jia2.70124

24. Validation and Improvement of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Interruptions in Antiretroviral Treatment in South Africa
Rachel Esra, Jacques Carstens, Sue Le Roux, Tonderai Mabuto, Michael Eisenstein, Olivia Keiser, Erol Orel, Aziza Merzouki, Lucien De Voux, Mhari Maskew, Kieran Sharpey-Schafer
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 92  issue: 1  first page: 42  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003108

25. Evidence of HIV incidence reduction in young women, but not in adolescent girls, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Laurette Mhlanga, Alex Welte, Eduard Grebe, Liesbet Ohler, Gilles Van Cutsem, Helena Huerga, Nolwenn Conan
IJID Regions  vol: 8  first page: 111  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.07.004

26. Large Outbreaks of Fungal and Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in a Neonatal Unit, South Africa, 2012–2016
Erika van Schalkwyk, Samantha Iyaloo, Serisha D. Naicker, Tsidiso G. Maphanga, Ruth S. Mpembe, Thokozile G. Zulu, Mabatho Mhlanga, Sibongile Mahlangu, Motlatji B. Maloba, Grace Ntlemo, Kgomotso Sanyane, Dini Mawela, Nelesh P. Govender
Emerging Infectious Diseases  vol: 24  issue: 7  first page: 1204  year: 2018  
doi: 10.3201/eid2407.171087

27. Clinical Features of HIV Arthropathy in Children: A Case Series and Literature Review
Michael J. Harrison, Nicola Brice, Christiaan Scott
Frontiers in Immunology  vol: 12  year: 2021  
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677984

28. Identifying Potential Factors Associated with High HIV viral load in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa using Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Random Forest Analysis
Adenike O. Soogun, Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Temesgen Zewotir, Delia North, Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin
BMC Medical Research Methodology  vol: 22  issue: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1186/s12874-022-01625-6

29. The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey
Khangelani Zuma, Leickness Simbayi, Nompumelelo Zungu, Sizulu Moyo, Edmore Marinda, Sean Jooste, Alicia North, Patrick Nadol, Getahun Aynalem, Ehimario Igumbor, Cheryl Dietrich, Salome Sigida, Buyisile Chibi, Lehlogonolo Makola, Lwando Kondlo, Sarah Porter, Shandir Ramlagan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  vol: 19  issue: 13  first page: 8125  year: 2022  
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19138125

30. Estimating retention in HIV care accounting for clinic transfers using electronic medical records: evidence from a large antiretroviral treatment programme in the Western Cape, South Africa
Angela M. Bengtson, Christopher Colvin, Kipruto Kirwa, Morna Cornell, Mark N. Lurie
Tropical Medicine & International Health  vol: 25  issue: 8  first page: 936  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1111/tmi.13412

31. “Understanding and Evaluating Older Persons Services: the Case of the Gauteng Province, South Africa
Monde Makiwane, Mathias Fubah Alubafi, Ntombizonke A. Gumede
Journal of Population Ageing  vol: 15  issue: 4  first page: 999  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1007/s12062-020-09288-1

32. Modelling of HIV prevention and treatment progress in five South African metropolitan districts
Cari van Schalkwyk, Rob E. Dorrington, Thapelo Seatlhodi, Claudia Velasquez, Ali Feizzadeh, Leigh F. Johnson
Scientific Reports  vol: 11  issue: 1  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85154-0

33. Epidemiology and aetiology of moderate to severe diarrhoea in hospitalised patients ≥5 years old living with HIV in South Africa, 2018–2021: A case-control analysis
Siobhan L. Johnstone, Linda Erasmus, Juno Thomas, Michelle J. Groome, Nicolette M. du Plessis, Theunis Avenant, Maryke de Villiers, Nicola A. Page, Chrispin Chaguza
PLOS Global Public Health  vol: 3  issue: 9  first page: e0001718  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001718

34. A Capacity Audit of Medical Geneticists and Genetic Counsellors in South Africa, 2024: A National Crisis
Marianne C. M. Gomes, Byron J. Gomes, Arnold L. Christianson, Claude Bailly, Neil McKerrow, Helen L. Malherbe
Genes  vol: 15  issue: 9  first page: 1173  year: 2024  
doi: 10.3390/genes15091173

35. Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus, HIV‐1 and Kaposi sarcoma risk in black South Africans diagnosed with cancer during antiretroviral treatment rollout
Melitah Motlhale, Mazvita Muchengeti, Debbie Bradshaw, Wenlong Carl Chen, Mwiza Gideon Singini, Chantal Babb de Villiers, Cathryn M. Lewis, Noemi Bender, Christopher G. Mathew, Robert Newton, Tim Waterboer, Elvira Singh, Freddy Sitas
International Journal of Cancer  vol: 152  issue: 10  first page: 2081  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1002/ijc.34454

36. Built Environment and HIV Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa
Nosipho Shangase, Brian Pence, Sheri A. Lippman, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula, F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor
Community Health Equity Research & Policy  vol: 43  issue: 2  first page: 133  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1177/0272684X211006590

37. Study-to-Clinic Transition and Daily Oral PrEP Access Experiences Among AGYW in Eastern Cape, South Africa: Insights from the Community PrEP Study
Lindsey de Vos, Emily Krogstad Mudzingwa, Lauren Fynn, Millicent Atujuna, Ernesha Webb Mazinyo, Keabetswe Kodi, Sybil Hosek, Ingrid T. Katz, Connie Celum, Linda-Gail Bekker, Joseph Daniels, Andrew Medina-Marino
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 29  issue: 8  first page: 2574  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-025-04718-7

38. A realist approach to eliciting the initial programme theory of the antiretroviral treatment adherence club intervention in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Bruno Marchal, Sara Van Belle, Brian van Wyk
BMC Medical Research Methodology  vol: 18  issue: 1  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0503-0

39. High study participation but diverging adherence levels: qualitatively unpacking PrEP use among adolescent girls and young women over two years in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Emily Krogstad Mudzingwa, Lindsey de Vos, Millicent Atujuna, Lauren Fynn, Matinatsa Mugore, Selly Mabandla, Sybil Hosek, Connie Celum, Linda-Gail Bekker, Joseph Daniels, Andrew Medina-Marino
Journal of Behavioral Medicine  vol: 47  issue: 2  first page: 320  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1007/s10865-023-00462-2

40. South African National Adherence Guidelines: need for revision?
Geoffrey Fatti, Najma Shaikh, Peter Bock, Jean B. Nachega, Ashraf Grimwood
Tropical Medicine & International Health  vol: 24  issue: 10  first page: 1260  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1111/tmi.13298

41. Dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV prevention: modelling health outcomes, drug resistance and cost‐effectiveness
Robert Glaubius, Yajun Ding, Kerri J Penrose, Greg Hood, Erik Engquist, John W Mellors, Urvi M Parikh, Ume L Abbas
Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 22  issue: 5  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1002/jia2.25282

42. High Rates of Recurrent Tuberculosis Disease: A Population-level Cohort Study
Sabine M Hermans, Nesbert Zinyakatira, Judy Caldwell, Frank G J Cobelens, Andrew Boulle, Robin Wood
Clinical Infectious Diseases  vol: 72  issue: 11  first page: 1919  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa470

43. Linkage to HIV Care and Early Retention in Care Rates in the Universal Test-and-Treat Era: A Population-based Prospective Study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Edward Nicol, Wisdom Basera, Ferdinand C Mukumbang, Mireille Cheyip, Simangele Mthethwa, Carl Lombard, Ngcwalisa Jama, Desiree Pass, Ria Laubscher, Debbie Bradshaw
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 27  issue: 4  first page: 1068  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-022-03844-w

44. Mixed-method estimation of population-level HIV viral suppression rate in the Western Cape, South Africa
Elton Mukonda, Nei-Yuan Hsiao, Lara Vojnov, Landon Myer, Maia Lesosky
BMJ Global Health  vol: 5  issue: 8  first page: e002522  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002522

45. Navigating Masculinities: An Exploration of Peer Coaching, Health Behaviors, and Mortality Risks Among Men in Tuberculosis and HIV Interventions in South Africa
Kelly Rutt, Lindsey DeVos, Kuyola Gala, Thembani Njama, Mziwanbantu Fosi, Zibele Mhaleni, Joseph Daniels, Andrew Medina-Marino
American Journal of Men's Health  vol: 20  issue: 2  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1177/15579883261430886

46. Stakeholders’ Perspectives for the Development of a Point-of-Care Diagnostics Curriculum in Rural Primary Clinics in South Africa—Nominal Group Technique
Nkosinothando Chamane, Desmond Kuupiel, Tivani Phosa Mashamba-Thompson
Diagnostics  vol: 10  issue: 4  first page: 195  year: 2020  
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10040195

47. Prognostic factors affecting survival in children and adolescents with HIV and Hodgkin lymphoma in South Africa
Jennifer Ann Geel, Katherine Claire Eyal, Marc Gerald Hendricks, Khumo Hope Myezo, David Kenneth Stones, Fareed Omar, Yasmin Goga, Anel van Zyl, Barry van Emmenes, Manickavallie Vaithilingum, Shaegan Irusen, Rossella Marina Bandini, Oloko Wedi, Biance Rowe, Daynia Elizabeth Ballot, Monika L. Metzger
Leukemia & Lymphoma  vol: 62  issue: 12  first page: 2854  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1852472

48. ‘When you take pills you must eat’: Food (in)security and ART adherence among older people living with HIV
Lucia Knight, Enid Schatz, Kaleea R. Lewis, Ferdinand C. Mukumbang
Global Public Health  vol: 15  issue: 1  first page: 97  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1644361

49. Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care testing with task-shifting for HIV care in South Africa: a modelling study
Monisha Sharma, Edinah Mudimu, Kate Simeon, Anna Bershteyn, Jienchi Dorward, Lauren R Violette, Adam Akullian, Salim S Abdool Karim, Connie Celum, Nigel Garrett, Paul K Drain
The Lancet HIV  vol: 8  issue: 4  first page: e216  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30279-4

50. The future of a partially effective HIV vaccine: assessing limitations at the population level
Christian Selinger, Dobromir T. Dimitrov, Philip A. Welkhoff, Anna Bershteyn
International Journal of Public Health  vol: 64  issue: 6  first page: 957  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1007/s00038-019-01234-z

51. Persistent High Burden of Advanced HIV Disease Among Patients Seeking Care in South Africa’s National HIV Program: Data From a Nationwide Laboratory Cohort
Sergio Carmona, Jacob Bor, Cornelius Nattey, Brendan Maughan-Brown, Mhairi Maskew, Matthew P Fox, Deborah K Glencross, Nathan Ford, William B MacLeod
Clinical Infectious Diseases  vol: 66  issue: suppl_2  first page: S111  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy045

52. A rare case of Colistin-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis meningitis in an HIV-seropositive patient
Roxanne Rule, Nontombi Mbelle, John Osei Sekyere, Marleen Kock, Anwar Hoosen, Mohamed Said
BMC Infectious Diseases  vol: 19  issue: 1  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4391-7

53. Exploring the impacts of and reactions to HIV diagnosis in older adults: narratives from Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
Mathew Nyashanu, Eucebious Lekalakala-Mokgele
African Journal of AIDS Research  vol: 21  issue: 3  first page: 213  year: 2022  
doi: 10.2989/16085906.2022.2042339

54. Trajectories and predictors of HIV care retention among individuals receiving ART in rural South Africa: a group-based trajectory modelling analysis
Aimée Julien, Jean Juste Harrisson Bashingwa, Annelies Van Rie, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Nkosinathi Masilela, Rebecca L West, Dumisani Rebombo, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Kathleen Kahn, Sheri A Lippman, Audrey Pettifor, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula
Journal of Global Health  vol: 15  year: 2025  
doi: 10.7189/jogh.15.04187

55. Estimating the impact of antiretroviral treatment on adult mortality trends in South Africa: A mathematical modelling study
Leigh F. Johnson, Margaret T. May, Rob E. Dorrington, Morna Cornell, Andrew Boulle, Matthias Egger, Mary-Ann Davies, Amitabh Bipin Suthar
PLOS Medicine  vol: 14  issue: 12  first page: e1002468  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002468

56. Health Care Providers’ Challenges to High-Quality HIV Care and Antiretroviral Treatment Retention in Rural South Africa
Aimée Julien, Sibyl Anthierens, Annelies Van Rie, Rebecca West, Meriam Maritze, Rhian Twine, Kathleen Kahn, Sheri A. Lippman, Audrey Pettifor, Hannah H. Leslie
Qualitative Health Research  vol: 31  issue: 4  first page: 722  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1177/1049732320983270

57. The cyclical cascade of HIV care: Temporal care engagement trends within a population-wide cohort
Jonathan Euvrard, Venessa Timmerman, Claire Marriott Keene, Florence Phelanyane, Alexa Heekes, Brian D. Rice, Anna Grimsrud, Peter Ehrenkranz, Andrew Boulle
PLOS Medicine  vol: 21  issue: 5  first page: e1004407  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004407

58. Population‐wide differentials in HIV service access and outcomes in the Western Cape for men as compared to women, South Africa: 2008 to 2018: a cohort analysis
Meg Osler, Morna Cornell, Nathan Ford, Katherine Hilderbrand, Eric Goemaere, Andrew Boulle
Journal of the International AIDS Society  vol: 23  issue: S2  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1002/jia2.25530

59. Estimating the Prevalence of over- and Under-Reporting in HIV Testing, Status and Treatment in Rural Northeast South Africa: A Comparison of a Survey and Clinic Records
Hannah H. Leslie, Chodziwadziwa W. Kabudula, Rebecca L. West, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Aimée Julien, Nkosinathi G. Masilela, Stephen M. Tollman, Audrey Pettifor, Kathleen Kahn, Sheri A. Lippman
AIDS and Behavior  vol: 27  issue: 10  first page: 3248  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1007/s10461-023-04045-9

60. Improving HIV testing, linkage, and retention in care among South African men through U = U messaging: A study protocol for two sequential hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trials
Andrew Medina-Marino, Nkosiyapha Sibanda, Mary Putt, Dvora Joseph Davey, Phillip Smith, Harsha Thirumurthy, Linda-Gail Bekker, Alison Buttenheim, Hugh Cowley
PLOS ONE  vol: 19  issue: 11  first page: e0309905  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309905

61. Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of HIV/AIDS among Patients Visiting Metema Yohanness Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Getu Melkamu Gorfu, Solomon Tesfaye Sime, Jember Ayelgne Beyene
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)  vol: 25  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1177/23259582261443731

62. Hidden in Success: Gendered Patterns of Suboptimal Care Engagement Among Tuberculosis Patients Who “Successfully” Completed Treatment in South Africa
Andrew Medina-Marino, Eke Arua, Lindsey de Vos, Kuhle Fiphaza, Dana Bezuidenhout, Nondumiso Ngcelwane, Salome Charalambous, Joseph Daniels
Clinical Infectious Diseases  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf714

63. A Computationally Efficient Approach to Fully Bayesian Benchmarking
Taylor Okonek, Jon Wakefield
Journal of Official Statistics  vol: 40  issue: 2  first page: 283  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1177/0282423X241244670

64. Increased Mortality With Delayed and Missed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa
Helen Bell Gorrod, Richard Court, Michael Schomaker, Gary Maartens, Richard A. Murphy
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 84  issue: 1  first page: 107  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002313

65. Perioperative care to patients living with HIV by theatre nurses at a South African tertiary hospital
Rudzani Ifodia Ngaledzani, Avhatakali Allga Ndou-Mammbona, Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi
F1000Research  vol: 11  first page: 1299  year: 2024  
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.125582.2

66. The impact of the South African antiretroviral treatment programme on the age-standardised incidence rate of Kaposi sarcoma, 1999–2016: An interrupted time series analysis
Evidence Majaya, Brendan V. Girdler-Brown, Mazvita Muchengeti, Elvira Singh
International Journal of Infectious Diseases  vol: 102  first page: 20  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.020

67. Geo-analysis: the distribution of community health workers in relation to the HIV prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
G. E. Khumalo, S. Ntuli, E. Lutge, T. P. Mashamba-Thompson
BMC Health Services Research  vol: 22  issue: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07707-x

68. A quantitative assessment of the consistency of projections from five mathematical models of the HIV epidemic in South Africa: a model comparison study
Haroon Moolla, Andrew Phillips, Debra ten Brink, Edinah Mudimu, John Stover, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Rowan Martin-Hughes, Nisaa Wulan, Valentina Cambiano, Jennifer Smith, Anna Bershteyn, Gesine Meyer-Rath, Lise Jamieson, Leigh F. Johnson
BMC Public Health  vol: 23  issue: 1  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16995-9

69. Effective public-private partnerships for sustainable antiretroviral therapy: outcomes of the Right to Care health services GP down-referral program
Idah Mokhele, Sello Mashamaite, Pappie Majuba, Thembi Xulu, Lawrence Long, Dorina Onoya
BMC Public Health  vol: 19  issue: 1  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7660-x

70. Cohort profile: the South African HIV Cancer Match (SAM) Study, a national population-based cohort
Mazvita Muchengeti, Lina Bartels, Victor Olago, Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Wenlong Carl Chen, Adrian Spoerri, Eliane Rohner, Lukas Bütikofer, Yann Ruffieux, Elvira Singh, Matthias Egger, Julia Bohlius
BMJ Open  vol: 12  issue: 4  first page: e053460  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053460

71. Quantifying the HIV treatment cascade in a South African health sub‐district by gender: retrospective cohort study
Mark N. Lurie, Kipruto Kirwa, Julia Callaway, Morna Cornell, Andrew Boulle, Angela M. Bengtson, Mariette Smith, Natalie Leon, Christopher Colvin
Tropical Medicine & International Health  vol: 25  issue: 2  first page: 186  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1111/tmi.13334

72. Changing Patterns of Lymphoma in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era in Johannesburg, South Africa
Tracey Wiggill, Elizabeth Mayne, Yvonne Perner, Jenifer Vaughan
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes  vol: 88  issue: 3  first page: 252  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002768

73. IAPAC–Lancet HIV Commission on the future of urban HIV responses
José M Zuniga, Corey Prachniak, Nicoletta Policek, Nombulelo Magula, Anisha Gandhi, Jane Anderson, Dázon Dixon Diallo, Viviane Dias Lima, Sindhu Ravishankar, Shrikala Acharya, Angeli Achrekar, Monsurat Adeleke, Élodie Aïna, Solange Baptiste, Geoffrey Barrow, Josip Begovac, Elizabeth Bukusi, Amanda Castel, Erika Castellanos, Jorge Cestou, Gertrude Chirambo, Jeffrey Crowley, Nikos Dedes, Lucica Ditiu, Meg Doherty, Chris Duncombe, Adriana Durán, Donna Futterman, Shannon Hader, Chyrol Kounkeu, Fran Lawless, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Sabine Lex, Carlos Lobos, Kenneth Mayer, Maria Mejia, H Rodrigo Moheno, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Mónica Morán-Arribas, Daniel Nagel, Robert Ndugwa, Carol Ngunu, Midnight Poonkasetwattana, Maria Prins, Amara Quesada, Olga Rudnieva, Simon Ruth, Jorge Saavedra, Lance Toma, Lucy Wanjiku Njenga, Brian Williams
The Lancet HIV  vol: 11  issue: 9  first page: e607  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00124-3

74. The fall—And rise—In hospital-based care for people with HIV in South Africa: 2004–2017
Evelyn Lauren, Khumbo Shumba, Matthew P. Fox, William MacLeod, Wendy Stevens, Koleka Mlisana, Jacob Bor, Dorina Onoya, Claudia P. Cortes
PLOS Global Public Health  vol: 4  issue: 9  first page: e0002127  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002127

75. Achieving the fast track 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 targets in sub-Saharan Africa: A rapid review
Celenkosini T. Nxumalo, Usangiphile Buthelezi, Hlolisile Chiya, Mokgadi U. Makgobole, Nomakhosi Mpofana, Themba Mgwaba, Zamasomi Luvuno
Journal of Public Health in Africa  vol: 16  issue: 1  year: 2025  
doi: 10.4102/jphia.v16i1.691

76. Measuring retention in HIV care: the impact of data sources and definitions using routine data
Tamsin K. Phillips, Catherine Orrell, Kirsty Brittain, Allison Zerbe, Elaine J. Abrams, Landon Myer
AIDS  vol: 34  issue: 5  first page: 749  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002478

77. “Patients Are Not Following the [Adherence] Club Rules Anymore”: A Realist Case Study of the Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Club, South Africa
Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Bruno Marchal, Sara Van Belle, Brian van Wyk
Qualitative Health Research  vol: 28  issue: 12  first page: 1839  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1177/1049732318784883

78. A review of the management and outcome of patients admitted with cryptococcal meningitis at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal province
Andrew J Ross, Egide Ndayishimiye
South African Family Practice  vol: 61  issue: 4  first page: 159  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1080/20786190.2019.1607480

79. Cost-effectiveness of Routine Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling for Children With Undiagnosed HIV in South Africa
Tijana Stanic, Nicole McCann, Martina Penazzato, Clare Flanagan, Shaffiq Essajee, Kenneth A Freedberg, Meg Doherty, Nande Putta, Landon Myer, George K Siberry, Intira Jeannie Collins, Lara Vojnov, Elaine Abrams, Djøra I Soeteman, Andrea L Ciaranello
Open Forum Infectious Diseases  vol: 9  issue: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab603

80. Spatial mapping of HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation uptake among the adolescents and youth in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Mulugeta Shegaze Shimbre, Andrew Gibbs, Nondumiso Mthiyane, Jaco Dreyer, Natsayi Chimbindi, Nigel Garrett, Andrew Tomita, Maryam Shahmanesh
AIDS Care  vol: 38  issue: 6  first page: 1310  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1080/09540121.2025.2611339

81. Spatiotemporal modelling and mapping of cervical cancer incidence among HIV positive women in South Africa: a nationwide study
Dhokotera Tafadzwa, Riou Julien, Bartels Lina, Rohner Eliane, Chammartin Frederique, Johnson Leigh, Singh Elvira, Olago Victor, Sengayi-Muchengeti Mazvita, Egger Matthias, Bohlius Julia, Konstantinoudis Garyfallos
International Journal of Health Geographics  vol: 20  issue: 1  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1186/s12942-021-00283-z